Author: Darwin, Charles.
Title: The expression of the emotions in man and animals.
Description: Oxford, etc.: Oxford University Press, 1998 (3rd ed.); xxxvi+473pp., frontispiece portrait, 2 indexes, endnotes, 6 appendices, bl-wh drawings and photographs, 8vo, paperback. V. good. ¶ introduction, afterword and commentaries by psychologist Paul Ekman. With an essay on the history of the illustrations by Philip Prodger. Darwin's founding volume on ethology, the third important member of the evolutionary set. The book was written, in part at least, as a confutation of the idea that the facial muscles of expression in man were a special endowment (Freeman, p. 142). Not only reaffirming the revolutionary message of The descent of man, but also introducing photography as a scientific improvement to the usual line drawings: the photographs "are much superior for my purposes to any drawing, however carefully executed." Darwin also used photographs by Herr Kindermann (Hamburg), Dr. George Charles Wallich (London) and Dr. Duchenne (Paris), who published photographs in his Mécanisme de la physionomie humaine ten years before, but Darwin's method and explanation are scientifically much more sophisticated. Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen in the nineteenthirties were the first ones after Darwin to take up both the subject of ethology and the approach.

Keywords: Darwin emoties ethologie evolutie